周易后天八卦
☰☵☶☳☴☲☷☱
（周易卦序：乾、坎、艮、震、巽、離、坤、兌）
周文王（？-公元前1046年）是中國歷史上周朝的創始人之一，他的出生地和出身族群並不十分清楚。根據《史記》和《尚書》等歷史文獻的記載，周文王是商朝末年的貴族，他反對商朝的暴政和專制，於是聯合其弟武王等貴族起義，最終推翻了商朝，並建立了周朝。
周文王的主要貢獻可以概括如下：
建立了“天子”制度：周文王在建立周朝後，建立了“天子”制度，使得君主的地位變得更加尊崇。同時，他還制定了一系列禮制和禮儀，以維護社會秩序和穩定。
推行仁政：周文王被後人稱為“仁君”，他提倡仁政，尊重人民的權利和福利，為人民謀求利益，實現社會的和諧與穩定。他還在全國范圍內設立了“公田”制度，使人民得以自給自足。
建立了封建制度：周文王在建立周朝後，實行了封建制度，將土地和封地授予功臣和親王。這一制度在中國封建社會中長期存在，並對中國的政治和社會產生了深遠的影響。
改革禮制：周文王通過改革禮制，實現了對周朝貴族的控制和管理，使得周朝政治和社會更加穩定和有序。同時，他還規定了“九族”，即對族人的約束和責任，確立了家族制度，使周朝社會更加團結和有序。
演繹八卦：周文王根據古代的卜筮文化和六十四卦的基礎上，整理和編纂了《周易》這一經典。據傳，《周易》是周文王和他的兒子周公共同編纂的。該經典主要包括“易經”和“周易傳”兩部分，是中國古代哲學、卜筮和文化的重要遺產。
周文王是中國歷史上傑出的政治家和文化人物，他為中國封建社會的發展和演變做出了巨大的貢獻，被尊為“太公望”，成為後世政治家和思想家的楷模。
King Wen of Zhou (?-1046 BCE) was one of the founding figures of the Zhou Dynasty in Chinese history. His birthplace and ancestral background are not entirely clear. According to historical records such as the "Records of the Grand Historian" and the "Book of Documents," King Wen was a nobleman during the late Shang Dynasty. He opposed the tyranny and despotism of the Shang Dynasty and, along with his brother, Duke Wu, and other nobles, led a rebellion that ultimately overthrew the Shang Dynasty and established the Zhou Dynasty.
The major contributions of King Wen can be summarized as follows:
Establishment of the "Son of Heaven" System: After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, King Wen implemented the "Son of Heaven" system, elevating the status of the monarch. He also formulated a series of rituals and ceremonies to maintain social order and stability.
Promotion of Benevolent Governance: King Wen was later referred to as the "Benevolent Ruler." He advocated for benevolent governance, respecting the rights and welfare of the people and seeking their interests to achieve social harmony and stability. He also implemented the "Gongtian" system, which allocated land for public use, ensuring self-sufficiency for the people.
Establishment of the Feudal System: Following the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, King Wen implemented the feudal system, granting land and fiefs to meritorious individuals and princes. This system persisted throughout Chinese feudal society, exerting a profound influence on Chinese politics and society.
Reformation of Rituals and Ceremonies: King Wen reformed rituals and ceremonies, exercising control and management over the Zhou Dynasty nobility, thereby fostering stability and order in the political and social spheres. Additionally, he established the concept of "nine kindreds" or "nine degrees of kinship," which defined the obligations and responsibilities within one's family, promoting unity and order within Zhou society.
Interpretation of the Eight Trigrams: King Wen, based on ancient divination culture and the foundation of the sixty-four hexagrams, organized and compiled the classic text known as the "Book of Changes" or "I Ching." It is said that the "Book of Changes" was co-authored by King Wen and his son, Duke Zhou. The classic text consists of the "Yijing" (the Classic of Changes) and the "Zhouyi Zhuan" (the Commentary on the Changes of Zhou), representing significant cultural and philosophical legacies of ancient China.
King Wen was an outstanding statesman and cultural figure in Chinese history. His immense contributions to the development and evolution of feudal society in China earned him the title of "Duke Tai of Wen" and made him an exemplar for future politicians and thinkers.
羑里城位於河南省湯陰縣城北羑河村東，其處有7米厚的龍山文化和商周文化遺存，是3000年前殷紂王關押周文王姬昌7年之處，是有史可據、有址可考的中國歷史上第一座監獄。周文王就是在這座監獄中演繹出《周易》。
伏羲八卦和周易八卦都是中國古代哲學和卜筮文化中的重要概念，它們各自具有獨特的內涵和應用價值。伏羲八卦共有八個卦，象徵天、地、雷等；主要用於卜筮和預測未來。周易八卦也是八個卦，其中乾、坤、震、巽、坎、離、艮、兌的排列順序與伏羲八卦不同；更注重卦象之間的相互關係和變化規律，廣泛應用於哲學、文化、歷史、社會和政治等方面。雖然伏羲八卦和周易八卦有所不同，但它們共同為中國文化和思想的發展和演變產生了深遠的影響。用一個不恰當的比喻，如果說伏羲八卦是聖經中的《舊約》，那麼文王所演繹出的周易更像是聖經中的《新約》更接地氣，更貼近生活 。
The Yulicheng Prison is located in the eastern part of Yonghe Village, north of Tangyin County, Henan Province, China. It contains archaeological remains from the Longshan Culture and the Shang-Zhou Cultures, with a thickness of 7 meters. This site, historically attested and verifiably situated, served as the place where King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty imprisoned Ji Chang, the son of King Wen of the Zhou Dynasty, for seven years. It is recognized as the first prison in Chinese history. It was within this prison that King Wen interpreted the Book of Changes.
Both the Eight Trigrams of Fu Xi and the Eight Trigrams of the Book of Changes (Zhou Yi) are significant concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy and divination culture, each possessing distinct meanings and applications. The Eight Trigrams of Fu Xi consist of eight hexagrams representing concepts like Heaven, Earth, and Thunder. They were primarily used for divination and future prediction. The Eight Trigrams of the Book of Changes (Zhou Yi) also comprise eight hexagrams, namely Qian, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen, and Dui. Unlike the Eight Trigrams of Fu Xi, they emphasize the interrelationships and patterns of change among the hexagrams, finding broad applications in philosophy, culture, history, society, and politics. Although the Eight Trigrams of Fu Xi and the Eight Trigrams of the Book of Changes differ, they have profoundly influenced the development and evolution of Chinese culture and thought. In an imperfect analogy, if the Eight Trigrams of Fu Xi can be likened to the "Old Testament" in the Bible, then the interpretation of the Book of Changes by King Wen is more akin to the "New Testament," being grounded and closely connected to everyday life.
伏羲先天八卦
周易后天八卦
